Data Vs Information

Data	Information
Data is raw facts and figures.	Information is processed form of data.
It is not significant to a business and of itself.	It is significant to a business and of itself.
It is atomic level pieces of information.	It is a collection of data.
It does not help in decision making.	It helps in decision making.
For example - 50 is data.	For example – 50 Employees. 50 and employees collected together to form information.

Molecularity Vs Order

Molecularity	Order
Molecularity is the number of reacting species undergoing simultaneous collision in the elementary or simple reaction.	Order is the sum of the powers of the concentration terms in the rate law expression.
It is applicable only for elementary reactions. For complex reactions, molecularity has no meaning.	It is applicable to elementary as well as complex reactions.
It is a theoretical concept.	It is determined experimentally.
It has a whole number values only i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc. It cannot be a non-integer.	It need not be a whole number i.e. it can have fractional values also.
Molecularity of a reaction cannot be zero.	Order of a reaction can be zero.
For complex reactions, molecularity is given for elementary steps. Molecularity of the slowest step is same as the order of the reaction.	For complex reactions, order is given by slowest step.

Relational Algebra Vs Relational Calculus

Relational Algebra	Relational Calculus
It is a procedural method of solving the queries.	It is a non-procedural method of solving the queries.
We specify the sequence of operations to perform a particular task.	We specify only what is required without bothering about the sequence of operations to perform that request.
It is prescriptive or rigid in nature i.e. it describes steps to perform a given task.	It is descriptive or straightforward in nature i.e. describe desired result.
The evaluation of the query depends upon the order of operations.	It does not depend on the order of operations.
It specifies operations performed on existing relations to obtain new relations.	Operations are directly performed on the relations in the form of formulas.
It is more closely associated with a programming language.	It is more closely associated with a natural language.
The solution to the database access problem using a relational algebra is obtained by stating what is required and what are the steps to obtain that information.	The solution to the database access problem using a relational calculus is obtained simply by stating what is required and letting the system find the answer.
It is used as a vehicle for implementation of relational calculus.	Relational calculus queries are converted into equivalent relational algebra format by using Codd’s Reduction algorithm and then it is implemented with the help of relational algebra operators.
Relational algebra operators are used as a yardstick for measuring the expensive power of any given language.	A language is said to be complete if it is at least as powerful as the calculus that is, if any relation definable by some expression of the calculus is also definable by some expression of the language in question.
The queries are domain independent.	The queries are domain dependent.

Parallel Adder Vs Serial Adder

Parallel Adder	Serial Adder
It is a combinational circuit which adds all the bits at the same time.	It is a sequential circuit which adds bits one by one.
Clock pulse is not required.	Clock pulse is required.
The output is in parallel form, i.e. all the bits are added at the same time.	The output is in serial form, i.e. bits are added one by one at time.
It uses registers with parallel load capacity.	It uses shift registers.
Number of full adder circuits required are equal to number of bits to be added.	It requires one full adder circuit.
It is simple in construction and number of components needed are less.	It is complex in construction and number of components needed are more.
Time required for addition does not depend on number of bits.	Time required for addition depends on number of bits.
It is less costly.	It is costlier.
It is faster.	It is slower.
It covers less space.	It covers larger space.

Cold Lime Soda Process Vs Hot Lime Soda Process

Cold Lime Soda Process	Hot Lime Soda Process
It is carried out at room temperature.	It is carried out at elevated temperature around 100o C.
Reactions take place at slow rate.	Reactions take place at fast rate.
The precipitates formed are very fine so the use of coagulants is essential.	Coagulants are not required.
Filtration of the precipitates formed is difficult.	Filtration is easy and faster at higher temperature.
Dissolved gases are not removed.	Dissolved gases such as CO2 are removed.
Softening capacity is low.	Softening capacity is high.
Softened water having residual hardness of 60 ppm is obtained.	Softened water having residual hardness of 15-30 ppm is obtained.

Refresh Type Cathode Ray Tube Vs Storage Type Cathode Ray Tube

Refresh Type Cathode Ray Tube	Storage Type Cathode Ray Tube
It uses refresh buffer or frame buffer to store picture definition.	It does not use refresh buffer as picture definition is stored inside CRT on a grid called storage mesh.
Picture definition is stored in form of intensity values for various screen points.	Picture definition is stored in form of positive charge distribution on storage mesh.
Concept of refreshing is used to maintain picture display on screen.	No refreshing is required.
It can produce wide range of colors as various intensity values are possible.	It does not display colors and displays single level of intensity value.
Colored refresh CRT uses three electron guns – red, green and blue.	It uses two electron guns – primary and flood gun.
If persistence of phosphor and refresh rate of CRT do not match, users perceive flicker.	It is free from the problem of flickering as very high persistence phosphors are used.
It is possible to modify particular portion of picture any time.	Particular portion of picture cannot be modified. For this entire picture must be erased and redrawn.
It is widely used to display realistic scenes, animations, graphics etc.	It is used for only line drawing applications.
It does not use collector mesh to control the flow of electrons rather control grid is used that controls the intensity value of each gun.	It uses collector to smooth out the flow of flood electrons.