Relational Algebra Vs Relational Calculus

Relational Algebra	Relational Calculus
It is a procedural method of solving the queries.	It is a non-procedural method of solving the queries.
We specify the sequence of operations to perform a particular task.	We specify only what is required without bothering about the sequence of operations to perform that request.
It is prescriptive or rigid in nature i.e. it describes steps to perform a given task.	It is descriptive or straightforward in nature i.e. describe desired result.
The evaluation of the query depends upon the order of operations.	It does not depend on the order of operations.
It specifies operations performed on existing relations to obtain new relations.	Operations are directly performed on the relations in the form of formulas.
It is more closely associated with a programming language.	It is more closely associated with a natural language.
The solution to the database access problem using a relational algebra is obtained by stating what is required and what are the steps to obtain that information.	The solution to the database access problem using a relational calculus is obtained simply by stating what is required and letting the system find the answer.
It is used as a vehicle for implementation of relational calculus.	Relational calculus queries are converted into equivalent relational algebra format by using Codd’s Reduction algorithm and then it is implemented with the help of relational algebra operators.
Relational algebra operators are used as a yardstick for measuring the expensive power of any given language.	A language is said to be complete if it is at least as powerful as the calculus that is, if any relation definable by some expression of the calculus is also definable by some expression of the language in question.
The queries are domain independent.	The queries are domain dependent.