| Inductive Effect | Electromeric Effect |
|---|---|
| It is a permanent effect which involves slight drifting of shared σ-electrons towards more electronegative atom. | It is a temporary effect which involves complete transfer of π-electrons to one of the bonded atoms. |
| It operates only in saturated compounds which contain at least one polar bond. | It operates in unsaturated compounds which contain at least one multiple bond which may be polar or non-polar. |
| It does not need any outside reagent for its operation. | It operates only in the presence of an outside reagent. |
| It involves a partial separation of charges without formation of ions. | It involves complete transfer of electrons from the reagent to substrate and vice versa. As a result of this effect, ions are formed. |
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